Textos

EL PROBLEMA SOCIAL




(...) Ante la presencia de problemas no resueltos, cabe suponer, con fundamento, la existencia de un error en la base cultural del problema, que hoy no se detecta porque puede estar protegido por un consenso general, es decir, porque deriva de un valor vivencial erróneo, que hay que averiguar cual es, para revisarlo.
 
Desde esta perspectiva se revisa el concepto de propiedad (privada o común) de los bienes de la Tierra, y se propone la "propiedad genérica". Con el amparo de este concepto se revisa la propiedad de empresa, y se demuestra que es posible resolver el problema de la asociación capital/trabajo, que está sin solución desde hace más de dos siglos. La solución resulta ser, en realidad, un abanico multidimensional que tiene en sus extremos la empresa privada y las empresas autogestionadas y cooperativas. La elección de los parámetros que definirían cada empresa sería libre, y debería estar presidida por la máxima eficacia empresarial.
 
Como toda asociación de personas, el tipo de empresa resultante carece de propietario. El poder de gestión se vincula, no a un título de propiedad, que no existe, sino al riesgo empresarial de sus miembros: riesgo de pérdida de capital, para unos, riesgo de pérdida de puesto de trabajo, para otros.
 
Este planteamiento sienta las bases de una tercera vía social distinta de capitalismo y socialismo.
 


A NEW SOCIAL ALTERNATIVE (Basis of a third social way)


The tendency towards a global economy and the environmental repercussions of development pose a serious problem to society. Humankind has no other choice than to confront this problem and set the bases of its solution.

Of course, a transition phase will be needed. But this undoubtedly requires to know the goal of this transition. The social systems put to the test do not allow to cherish any hope in this respect.

Therefore, it becomes necessary to re-examine the bases of our universal culture to find the fundaments of a social alternative that allows to harmonize the interests of man, and so achieve the integration of world society with itself, which will be the way, then, to achieve the integration of humankind in the natural environment in which it lives. As the human being is a free and responsible being, the alternative must be ruled by the free corresponsibility of the members of the human species in the achievement of this objective. These corresponsability (that must be stimulated) is not possible nowadays because there is no economic democracy. The reason for this lack is that economy is created from units (enterprises) which are not democratic.

This requires the creation of social units of these characteristics, which are especially necessary in economy, so that this integration is the result of a series of integrations in different levels.

The author makes a radical criticism of the present concept of property (that turns things into sources of power over people) and has developed a new concept of property (the "generic property" as opposed to private property and common property) that allows to create the association capital-work (as opposed to the private enterprise and to the collective or state enterprise), to develope a market economy of "things", and that would exclude the present day labour market, which is unworthy of the human being.

The integrated enterprise bases power on the entrepeneurial risk of its members (risk of losing capital, risk of losing the working place) and allows the objective distribution of the rent and the coherence of the decision making power. Present day reivindicative syndicalism would leave its place to a cooperation syndicalism and a cooperating economy. With this, a economy with cibernetic control will be possible and so a third social way can be open.